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Kidney stone disease, also known as renal calculus disease, nephrolithiasis or urolithiasis, is a crystallopathy where a solid piece of material (renal calculus) develops in the urinary tract. [2] Renal calculi typically form in the kidney and leave the body in the urine stream. [2] A small calculus may pass without causing symptoms. [2]
testicular microlithiasis on ultrasound. Testicular microlithiasis is an unusual condition diagnosed on testicular ultrasound. It is believed to be found in 0.1–0.6% of males globally, with frequency varying based on geographic location and is more often found in individuals with subfertility.
A giant ureteral stone with dimensions of approximately 6 × 5 × 4 cm and weighing 61 grams extracted from the left ureter of a 19-year-old male. A kidney stone can move from the kidney and become lodged inside the ureter, which can block the flow of urine, as well as cause a sharp cramp in the back, side, or lower abdomen. [9]
For example, an individual with diabetes mellitus may present a sweetened urine odor. This can be due to kidney diseases as well, such as kidney stones. [citation needed] Additionally, the presence of amino acids in urine (diagnosed as maple syrup urine disease) can cause it to smell of maple syrup. [15]
This is called hyperparathyroidism; it leads to hypercalcemia, kidney stones, osteoporosis, and various other symptoms. Hyperparathyroidism was first described in 1925 and the symptoms have collectively become known as "moans, groans, stones, and bones." By far, the most common symptom is fatigue, but depression, memory loss, and bone aches are ...
Chronic kidney disease 15.9: 2.16%: 1.5 Chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 1: 0.9: 0.12%: −1.2 Chronic kidney disease due to diabetes mellitus type 2: 4.5: 0.61%: 4.2 Chronic kidney disease due to hypertension: 4.6: 0.62%: 3.2 Chronic kidney disease due to glomerulonephritis: 2.4: 0.33%: −1.3 Chronic kidney disease due to ...
An accessory spleen is a small nodule of splenic tissue found apart from the main body of the spleen.Accessory spleens are found in approximately 10 percent of the population [1] and are typically around 1 centimetre in diameter.
The bulk of the urea, about 10 g each day, is excreted by the kidney in a process that begins with glomerular filtration. At high urine flow rates (greater than 2 ml/min), 40% of the filtered load is reabsorbed, and at flow rates lower than 2 ml/min, reabsorption may increase to 60%.
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