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Caste systems in Africa are a form of social stratification found in numerous ethnic groups, found in over fifteen countries, particularly in the Sahel, West Africa, and North Africa. [1] These caste systems feature endogamy , hierarchical status, inherited occupation, membership by birth, pollution concepts and restraints on commensality.
As West Africa evolved over time, sub-castes emerged that acquired secondary specialisations or changed occupations. Endogamy was prevalent within a caste or among a limited number of castes, yet castes did not form demographic isolates according to Tamari.
The Inadan, also referred to as Enad or Tinadan, [2] [3] have been one of the historic artisan castes in West Africa, particularly among the Tuareg people. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Sometimes referred to as an endogamous caste and sometimes as endogamous marginalized class within the Tuareg, the Inadan are found in Niger , Mali , Libya , Sahel and other ...
The official population count of the various ethnic groups in Africa is highly uncertain due to limited infrastructure to perform censuses, and due to rapid population growth. Some groups have alleged that there is deliberate misreporting in order to give selected ethnicities numerical superiority (as in the case of Nigeria's Hausa, Fulani ...
According to Dolores Richter, the caste systems in Africa found among Senufo people features "hierarchical ranking including despised lower castes, occupational specificity, ritual complementarity, endogamy, hereditary membership, residential isolation, and the political superiority of farmers over artisan castes". [4]
The Mandinka castes are hereditary, and marriages outside the caste was forbidden. [24] Their caste system is similar to those of other ethnic groups of the African Sahel region. [63] These castes are also common across Mandinka communities such as those in The Gambia, [64] Mali, Guinea, and other countries. [65] [26]
Tuareg social stratification into noble, clerical and artisanal castes likely emerged after the 10th century, as a corollary of the rising slavery system. [99] Similar caste institutions are found in other communities in Africa. [100]
The castes-based social stratification among the Fula people was widespread ... The Fula were one of the first ethnic groups in Sub-Saharan Africa to convert to ...