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Welded aluminium alloy bicycle frame, made in the 1990s. An aluminium alloy (UK/IUPAC) or aluminum alloy (NA; see spelling differences) is an alloy in which aluminium (Al) is the predominant metal. The typical alloying elements are copper, magnesium, manganese, silicon, tin, nickel and zinc.
Aluminium (or aluminum in North American English) is a chemical element; it has symbol Al and atomic number 13. Aluminium has a density lower than that of other common metals, about one-third that of steel. It has a great affinity towards oxygen, forming a protective layer of oxide on the surface when exposed to air.
At temperatures below 630 °C, aluminium, Al 15 Si 2 (Mn,Fe) 3 and Al 8 Fe 2 Si are formed from the melt, Al 3 Fe. Aluminium, Al 5 FeSi and Al 15 Si 2 (Mn,Fe) 3 are formed from the melt and Al 8 Fe 2 Si at around 600 °C. Aluminium, silicon and Al 15 Si 2 (Mn,Fe) 3 are formed from the melt and Al 5 FeSi at around 565 °C.
Up to 1.65% Si can be dissolved in aluminum at this temperature. However, the solubility decreases rapidly with temperature. At 500 °C it is still 0.8% Si, at 400 °C 0.3% Si and at 250 °C only 0.05% Si. At room temperature, silicon is practically insoluble. Aluminum cannot be dissolved in silicon at all, not even at high temperatures.
Aluminium forms a eutectic with copper at 547 °C and 33 mass percent copper, which also corresponds to the maximum solubility. At lower temperatures, the solubility drops sharply; at room temperature it is only 0.1%. At higher copper contents, Al 2 Cu is formed, an intermetallic phase.
An added benefit of scandium additions to aluminum is that the nanoscale Al 3 Sc precipitates that give the alloy its strength are coarsening resistant at relatively high temperatures (~350 °C). This is in contrast to typical commercial 2xxx and 6xxx alloys, which quickly lose their strength at temperatures above 250 °C due to the rapid ...
The solubility of magnesium is very high in aluminium and reaches a maximum at 450 °C with 14% to 17% depending on the literature reference. At 34.5%, there is a Eutectic with Al 8 Mg 5 (sometimes referred to as Al 3 Mg 2), an intermetallic phase (-phase).
2 Mechanical Properties. 3 Applications. 4 References. 5 Aluminum alloy table. ... 1200 Aluminium alloy has aluminium as the major element, and has silicon, zinc, ...