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The fjard of Somes Sound, Maine, USA. A fjard (Swedish: fjärd, IPA:) is a large open space of water between groups of islands or mainland in archipelagos. Fjards can be found along sea coasts, in freshwater lakes or in rivers. Fjard and fjord were originally the same word, and they generally meant sailable waterway.
In physical geography, a fjord (also spelled fiord in New Zealand English; (/ ˈ f j ɔːr d, f iː ˈ ɔːr d / ⓘ [1]) is a long, narrow sea inlet with steep sides or cliffs, created by a glacier. [2] Fjords exist on the coasts of Antarctica, the Arctic, and surrounding landmasses of the northern and southern hemispheres. [3]
The Hudson River fjord in New York is recognized as the only true Fjord in the eastern coast of the United States [1] [2] Somes Sound, a fjard located within Acadia National Park, is often mistaken for being another fjord located along the eastern coast of the United States. [3] [4]
Rands Fjord: Length 3 km. Up to 19th century it was a real bay; then a dam was built to separate it from the sea. Now the former fjord is used as a reserve of fresh water. Kolding Fjord: Length 10 km. A branch of the narrow part of the Little Belt. Haderslev Fjord: Length 15 km. The narrowest fjord. Åbenrå Fjord: Length 10 km, width 3 – 4 km.
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Killary has for centuries been known as a fjord [4] [5] [2] - "the only fjord in Ireland" [6] or sometimes "one of 2–4 fjord-type inlets" on the island. [7] There has been argument in at least one peer-reviewed paper that it is in fact one of three glacial fjards (shallower than true fjords) in Ireland, the others being Lough Swilly and Carlingford Lough. [8]
The spelling fiord is used in New Zealand rather than fjord, although all the maritime fiords instead use the word sound in their name. The Marlborough Sounds, a series of deep indentations in the coastline at the northern tip of the South Island, are in fact drowned river valleys, or rias.
The southern coast of Chile presents a large number of fjords and fjord-like channels from the latitudes of Cape Horn (55° S) to Reloncaví Estuary (42° S). Some fjords and channels are important navigable channels providing access to ports like Punta Arenas, Puerto Chacabuco and Puerto Natales.