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Checksum algorithms, such as CRC32 and other cyclic redundancy checks, are designed to meet much weaker requirements and are generally unsuitable as cryptographic hash functions. For example, a CRC was used for message integrity in the WEP encryption standard, but an attack was readily discovered, which exploited the linearity of the checksum.
A universal hashing scheme is a randomized algorithm that selects a hash function h among a family of such functions, in such a way that the probability of a collision of any two distinct keys is 1/m, where m is the number of distinct hash values desired—independently of the two keys. Universal hashing ensures (in a probabilistic sense) that ...
Jenkins hash function: 32 or 64 bits XOR/addition Bernstein's hash djb2 [2] 32 or 64 bits shift/add or mult/add or shift/add/xor or mult/xor PJW hash / Elf Hash: 32 or 64 bits add,shift,xor MurmurHash: 32, 64, or 128 bits product/rotation Fast-Hash [3] 32 or 64 bits xorshift operations SpookyHash 32, 64, or 128 bits see Jenkins hash function ...
The Whirlpool hash function is a Merkle–Damgård construction based on an AES-like block cipher W in Miyaguchi–Preneel mode. [2] The block cipher W consists of an 8×8 state matrix of bytes, for a total of 512 bits. The encryption process consists of updating the state with four round functions over 10 rounds.
The Merkle–Damgård hash function first applies an MD-compliant padding function to create an input whose size is a multiple of a fixed number (e.g. 512 or 1024) — this is because compression functions cannot handle inputs of arbitrary size. The hash function then breaks the result into blocks of fixed size, and processes them one at a time ...
Here is the formal technical definition of the puzzle friendliness property. [2] [1]A hash function H is said to be puzzle friendly if for every possible n-bit output value y, if k is chosen with a distribution with high min-entropy, then it is infeasible to find x such that H( k || x) = y (where the symbol "||" denotes concatenation) in time significantly less than 2 n.
A perfect hash function for the four names shown A minimal perfect hash function for the four names shown. In computer science, a perfect hash function h for a set S is a hash function that maps distinct elements in S to a set of m integers, with no collisions. In mathematical terms, it is an injective function.
In cryptography, the avalanche effect is the desirable property of cryptographic algorithms, typically block ciphers [1] and cryptographic hash functions, wherein if an input is changed slightly (for example, flipping a single bit), the output changes significantly (e.g., half the output bits flip).