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Cooke and Wheatstone's five-needle telegraph from 1837 Morse telegraph Hughes telegraph, an early (1855) teleprinter built by Siemens and Halske. Electrical telegraphy is a point-to-point text messaging system, primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century.
The word telegraph (from Ancient Greek: τῆλε 'at a distance' and γράφειν 'to write') was coined by the French inventor of the semaphore telegraph, Claude Chappe, who also coined the word semaphore. [2] A telegraph is a device for transmitting and receiving messages over long distances, i.e., for telegraphy.
Utility poles seen outside the Gardner Building, in Toledo, Ohio, 1895. The system of suspending telegraph wires from poles with ceramic insulators was invented and patented by British telegraph pioneer William Fothergill Cooke. Cooke was the driving force in establishing the electrical telegraph on a commercial basis.
In 1866, Western Union acquired the American Telegraph Company & the United States Telegraph Company, its two main competitors, gaining a virtual monopoly over the American telegraphy industry. The company also began to develop new telegraphy-related services beyond the transmission and delivery of telegrams, launching the first stock ticker in ...
The one-needle telegraph proved highly successful on British railways, and 15,000 sets were still in use at the end of the nineteenth century. Some remained in service in the 1930s. [23] The Cooke and Wheatstone telegraph was largely confined to the United Kingdom and the British Empire. However, it was also used in Spain for a time. [24]
An engine order telegraph or E.O.T., also referred to as a Chadburn, [1] is a communications device used on a ship (or submarine) for the pilot on the bridge to order engineers in the engine room to power the vessel at a certain desired speed.
A telegraph operator at the sending end of the line would create the message by tapping on a switch called a telegraph key, which rapidly connects and breaks the circuit to a battery, sending pulses of current down the line. The telegraph sounder was used at the receiving end of the line to make the Morse code message audible.
Figure parts A–D show steps in forming a "short tie" Western Union splice. Figure parts E and F show two possible "long tie" variations. [2]The Western Union splice or lineman splice is a method of joining electrical cable, developed in the nineteenth century during the introduction of the telegraph and named for the Western Union telegraph company.