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Acute promyelocytic leukemia is characterized by a chromosomal translocation involving the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARA) gene on chromosome 17. [3] In 95% of cases of APL, the RARA gene on chromosome 17 is involved in a reciprocal translocation with the promyelocytic leukemia gene (PML) on chromosome 15, a translocation denoted as t(15;17)(q22;q21). [3]
All subtypes except acute promyelocytic leukemia are usually given induction chemotherapy with cytarabine and an anthracycline such as daunorubicin or idarubicin. [60] This induction chemotherapy regimen is known as " 7+3 " (or "3+7"), because the cytarabine is given as a continuous IV infusion for seven consecutive days while the anthracycline ...
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL) is a subtype of Acute Myeloid Leukemia, known for its accumulation of abnormal, course, densely granulated promyelocytes in the bone marrow. [7] The excessive proliferation of promyelocytes, attributing at least 30% of the myeloid cells in the bone marrow, result in a depletion of blood cells, including white ...
Acute myeloid leukemia is a very heterogeneous disease, composed of a variety of translocations and mutations. However, one tenth of all acute myeloid leukemia cases diagnosed have the AML1-ETO fusion oncoprotein due to the t(8;21) translocation. AML1 or RUNX1 is a DNA-binding transcription factor located at the 21q22.
The American Cancer Society estimates that in 2014, about 5,980 new cases of chronic myeloid leukemia were diagnosed, and about 810 people died of the disease. This means that a little over 10% of all newly diagnosed leukemia cases will be chronic myeloid leukemia. The average risk of a person getting this disease is 1 in 588.
Because leukemia prevents the immune system from working normally, some people experience frequent infection, ranging from infected tonsils, sores in the mouth, or diarrhea to life-threatening pneumonia or opportunistic infections. [37] Finally, the red blood cell deficiency leads to anemia, which may cause dyspnea and pallor. [38]
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Promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) (also known as MYL, RNF71, PP8675 or TRIM19 [5]) is the protein product of the PML gene. PML protein is a tumor suppressor protein required for the assembly of a number of nuclear structures, called PML-nuclear bodies, which form amongst the chromatin [ 5 ] of the cell nucleus.
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