Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a family of proteins produced by cells in response to exposure to stressful conditions. They were first described in relation to heat shock, [1] but are now known to also be expressed during other stresses including exposure to cold, [2] UV light [3] and during wound healing or tissue remodeling. [4]
Prior to the development of more efficient methods, this stain was performed using the Wirtz method with heat fixation and counterstain. Through the use of malachite green and a diluted ratio of carbol fuchsin, fixing bacteria in osmic acid was a great way to ensure no blending of dyes.
Moist heat sterilization processes sterilize using hot air that is heavily laden with water vapor, which plays the most important role in the sterilization. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Boiling a sample for 30 minutes or more will kill virtually all vegetative cells present, but will not kill spores , which can germinate shortly thereafter and resume growth.
Applying a primary stain (crystal violet) to a heat-fixed smear of a bacterial culture. Heat fixation kills some bacteria but is mostly used to affix the bacteria to the slide so that they do not rinse out during the staining procedure. The addition of iodine, which binds to crystal violet and traps it in the cell
Heat fixation is used for the fixation of single cell organisms, most commonly bacteria and archaea. The organisms are typically mixed with water or physiological saline which helps to evenly spread out the sample. Once diluted, the sample is spread onto a microscope slide. This diluted bacteria sample is commonly referred to as a smear after ...
The Kinyoun method can be modified as a weak acid fast stain, which uses 0.5–1.0% sulfuric acid instead of hydrochloric acid.The weak acid fast stain, in addition to staining Mycobacteria, will also stain organisms that are not able to maintain the carbol fuchsin after decolorizing with HCl, such as Nocardia species and Cryptosporidium.
The heat shock response (HSR) is a cell stress response that increases the number of molecular chaperones to combat the negative effects on proteins caused by stressors such as increased temperatures, oxidative stress, and heavy metals. [1]
Heat shock protein chaperones are classified based on their observed molecular weights into Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90, Hsp104, and small Hsps. [5] The Hsp60 family of protein chaperones are termed chaperonins , and are characterized by a stacked double-ring structure and are found in prokaryotes, in the cytosol of eukaryotes, and in mitochondria.