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Mesenteric adenitis is an inflammation of the mesenteric lymph nodes in the abdomen. It can be caused by the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica . [ 2 ] If it occurs in the right lower quadrant, it can be mistaken for acute appendicitis , often preceded by a sore throat.
However, it is not specific and can be found in other conditions such as mesenteric oedema, lymphedema, haemorrhage, and presence of neoplastic and inflammatory cells must be excluded. Mesenteric lymph nodes are rarely larger than 10 mm in sclerosing mesenteritis. Larger lymph nodes should prompt further investigations with PET scan or biopsy. [7]
Lymphadenopathy of an inflammatory type (the most common type) is lymphadenitis, [1] producing swollen or enlarged lymph nodes. In clinical practice, the distinction between lymphadenopathy and lymphadenitis is rarely made and the words are usually treated as synonymous. Inflammation of the lymphatic vessels is known as lymphangitis. [2]
Omental infarction is a rare cause of acute abdomen pain with reported incidence being less than 4 per 1000 cases of appendicitis. Omental infarction usually presents as right-sided abdominal pain although seldom causing left-sided abdominal pain and even epigastric pain.
The gut-associated lymphoid tissue lies throughout the intestine, covering an area of approximately 260–300 m 2. [5] In order to increase the surface area for absorption, the intestinal mucosa is made up of finger-like projections (), covered by a monolayer of epithelial cells, which separates the GALT from the lumen intestine and its contents.
It is also known as intestinal nephritis because the clinical picture may in some cases of acute pyelonephritis include mesenteric lymphadenitis (mostly due to use of NSAIDs). More specifically, in case of recurrent urinary tract infection, secondary infection can spread to adjacent intestine. [1]
The inferior mesenteric lymph nodes consist of: (a) small glands on the branches of the left colic and sigmoid arteries (b) a group in the sigmoid mesocolon , around the superior hemorrhoidal artery
Although ultrasound may aid in diagnosis, its main role is in identifying important differentials, such as ovarian pathology in females or mesenteric adenitis in children. Video summary . The standard treatment for acute appendicitis involves the surgical removal of the inflamed appendix.