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The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) as implemented by the Common Language Runtime (CLR), is implemented by the Mono executable. The runtime compiles and executes .NET applications. The common language infrastructure is defined by the ECMA standard. [27] To run an application, you must invoke the runtime with the relevant parameters.
LLVM can also generate relocatable machine code at compile-time or link-time or even binary machine code at runtime. LLVM supports a language-independent instruction set and type system . [ 6 ] Each instruction is in static single assignment form (SSA), meaning that each variable (called a typed register) is assigned once and then frozen.
Android Runtime (ART) BEAM (Erlang) Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono; CPython and PyPy; crt0 (C target-specific initializer) Java virtual machine (JVM) LuaJIT; Objective-C and Swift's; V8 and Node.js; Zend Engine (PHP) Notable compilers & toolchains; GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM and Clang; MSVC
During compilation of CLI programming languages, the source code is translated into CIL code rather than into platform- or processor-specific object code.CIL is a CPU- and platform-independent instruction set that can be executed in any environment supporting the Common Language Infrastructure, such as the .NET runtime on Windows, or the cross-platform Mono runtime.
The Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) is an open specification and technical standard originally developed by Microsoft and standardized by ISO/IEC (ISO/IEC 23271) and Ecma International (ECMA 335) [1] [2] that describes executable code and a runtime environment that allows multiple high-level languages to be used on different computer platforms without being rewritten for specific ...
Android Runtime (ART) BEAM (Erlang) Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono; CPython and PyPy; crt0 (C target-specific initializer) Java virtual machine (JVM) LuaJIT; Objective-C and Swift's; V8 and Node.js; Zend Engine (PHP) Notable compilers & toolchains; GNU Compiler Collection (GCC) LLVM and Clang; MSVC
Therefore, a runtime library is always specific to the platform and compiler. The runtime library may implement a portion of the runtime environment's behavior, but if one reads the code of the calls available, they are typically only thin wrappers that simply package information, and send it to the runtime environment or operating system.
This definition includes putting parameters onto the stack before function calls, parallel execution of related behaviors, and disk I/O. By this definition, essentially every language has a runtime system, including compiled languages, interpreted languages, and embedded domain-specific languages.