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  2. Glossary of genetics and evolutionary biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_and...

    Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...

  3. Carcinisation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carcinisation

    Carcinisation (American English: carcinization) is a form of convergent evolution in which non-crab crustaceans evolve a crab-like body plan. The term was introduced into evolutionary biology by L. A. Borradaile, who described it as "the many attempts of Nature to evolve a crab". [2]

  4. Thesaurus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesaurus

    A thesaurus (pl.: thesauri or thesauruses), sometimes called a synonym dictionary or dictionary of synonyms, is a reference work which arranges words by their meanings (or in simpler terms, a book where one can find different words with similar meanings to other words), [1] [2] sometimes as a hierarchy of broader and narrower terms, sometimes simply as lists of synonyms and antonyms.

  5. Outline of evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_evolution

    Mosaic evolutionEvolution of characters at various rates both within and between species; Parallel evolution – Similar evolution in distinct species; Quantum evolutionEvolution where transitional forms are particularly unstable and do not last long; Recurrent evolution – The repeated evolution of a particular character

  6. Plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plesiomorphy_and_symplesio...

    Imaginary cladogram. [2] The yellow mask is a plesiomorphy for each living masked species, because it is ancestral. [2] It is also a symplesiomorphy for them. But for the four living species as a whole, it is an apomorphy because it is not ancestral for all of them. The yellow tail is a plesiomorphy and symplesiomorphy for all living species.

  7. Last universal common ancestor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor

    The results of their analysis are highly specific, though debated. They depict LUCA as "anaerobic, CO 2-fixing, H 2-dependent with a Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (the reductive acetyl-coenzyme A pathway), N 2-fixing and thermophilic. LUCA's biochemistry was replete with FeS clusters and radical reaction mechanisms."

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  9. Semantic change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_change

    Semantic change (also semantic shift, semantic progression, semantic development, or semantic drift) is a form of language change regarding the evolution of word usage—usually to the point that the modern meaning is radically different from the original usage.