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A direct-shift gearbox (DSG, German: Direktschaltgetriebe [1]) [2] [3] is an electronically controlled, dual-clutch, [2] multiple-shaft, automatic gearbox, in either a transaxle or traditional transmission layout (depending on engine/drive configuration), with automated clutch operation, and with fully-automatic [2] or semi-manual gear selection.
The fixed and free gears can be mounted on either the input or output shaft or both. For example, a five-speed transmission might have the first-to-second selectors on the countershaft, but the third-to-fourth selector and the fifth selector on the main shaft.
These electronic systems typically work in conjunction with the engine control unit (in a similar way to road cars), and are responsible for operating electronic throttle control, clutch and gearshift actuation (via an electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic actuator), gearshift time and speed, sensors, switches, solenoids, and other hydraulic ...
A preselector gearbox is a type of manual transmission mostly used on passenger cars and racing cars in the 1930s, in buses from 1940–1960 and in armoured vehicles from the 1930s to the 1970s. The defining characteristic of a preselector gearbox is that the gear shift lever allowed the driver to "pre-select" the next gear, usually with the ...
A further development was made possible by the introduction of electronic throttle control soon after, which made it possible for the car to automatically rev-match during downshifts. [117] By 1993, most teams were using semi-automatic transmissions. The last F1 car fitted with a conventional manual gearbox, the Forti FG01, raced in 1995. [118]
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James, who turns 40 on Dec. 30, is in the first year of a two-year, $101.3 million contract with the Lakers, and he can become a free agent after this season or play out the second year of the ...
Chronic inflammation can be damaging to our bodies and lead to uncomfortable symptoms like joint stiffness, digestive issues and high blood pressure. Luckily, certain foods, like leafy greens ...