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  2. Seesaw molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seesaw_molecular_geometry

    The name "seesaw" comes from the observation that it looks like a playground seesaw. Most commonly, four bonds to a central atom result in tetrahedral or, less commonly, square planar geometry. The seesaw geometry occurs when a molecule has a steric number of 5, with the central atom being bonded to 4 other atoms and 1 lone pair (AX 4 E 1 in ...

  3. Chemical polarity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_polarity

    Bonds can fall between one of two extremes – completely nonpolar or completely polar. A completely nonpolar bond occurs when the electronegativities are identical and therefore possess a difference of zero. A completely polar bond is more correctly called an ionic bond, and occurs when the difference

  4. Polar see-saw - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_see-saw

    The polar see-saw (also: bipolar seesaw) is the phenomenon that temperature changes in the northern and southern hemispheres may be out of phase. The hypothesis states that large changes, for example when the glaciers are intensely growing or depleting, in the formation of ocean bottom water in both poles take a long time to exert their effect ...

  5. Polar surface area - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar_surface_area

    The polar surface area (PSA) or topological polar surface area (TPSA) of a molecule is defined as the surface sum over all polar atoms or molecules, primarily oxygen and nitrogen, also including their attached hydrogen atoms. PSA is a commonly used medicinal chemistry metric for the

  6. Non-covalent interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-covalent_interaction

    This approach causes the electrons of the non-polar molecule to be polarized toward or away from the dipole (or "induce" a dipole) of the approaching molecule. [13] Specifically, the dipole can cause electrostatic attraction or repulsion of the electrons from the non-polar molecule, depending on orientation of the incoming dipole. [13]

  7. T-shaped molecular geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-shaped_molecular_geometry

    Structure of chlorine trifluoride, an example of a compound with T-shaped coordination geometry.. In chemistry, T-shaped molecular geometry describes the structures of some molecules where a central atom has three ligands.

  8. Hydrophobic effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrophobic_effect

    The hydrophobic effect is the observed tendency of nonpolar substances to aggregate in an aqueous solution and to be excluded by water. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The word hydrophobic literally means "water-fearing", and it describes the segregation of water and nonpolar substances, which maximizes the entropy of water and minimizes the area of contact ...

  9. Glowmatography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glowmatography

    The polar components would be attracted to the polar silanol (Si-OH) groups on the surface of the silica gel, and the nonpolar components would travel further with the hexanes. [1] Further, dyes in glow sticks can also be extracted using liquid carbon dioxide (CO 2) as an environmentally friendly or green solvent.