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An oak apple on a tree in Worcestershire, England. An oak apple or oak gall is a large, round, vaguely apple-like gall commonly found on many species of oak. Oak apples range in size from 2 to 4 centimetres (1 to 2 in) in diameter and are caused by chemicals injected by the larva of certain kinds of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. [1]
Amphibolips quercuspomiformis, also known as the apple gall wasp or live oak apple gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp. It induces galls in coast live oak and interior live oak trees. Like many gall wasps, it has two alternating generations which induce differing galls: an all-female parthenogenic generation, and a bisexual generation. The ...
Biorhiza pallida, also known as the oak apple gall wasp, [1] is a gall wasp species in the family Cynipidae. This species is a member of the tribe Cynipini: the oak gall wasp tribe. Cynipini is the tribe partially responsible for the formation of galls known as oak apples on oak trees. These are formed after the wasp lays eggs inside the leaf ...
Atrusca brevipennata, formerly Andricus pellucidus, also known as the little oak-apple gall wasp, is a locally common species of cynipid wasp that produces galls on oak trees in North America. [1] The wasp oviposits on shrub live oak and Gambel oak leaves. [1] The larval chamber is at the center of the gall, connected to the husk by slender ...
Andricus quercuscalifornicus (occasionally Andricus californicus), or the California gall wasp, is a small wasp species that induces oak apple galls on white oaks, primarily the valley oak (Quercus lobata) but also other species such as Quercus berberidifolia.
The reproduction of gall wasps is usually partly parthenogenesis, in which a male is completely unnecessary, and partly two-sex propagation. [2] Most species have alternating generations, with one two-sex generation and one parthenogenic generation annually, whereas some species produce very few males and reproduce only by parthenogenesis, [2] possibly because of infection of the females ...
Amphibolips confluenta, known generally as the spongy oak apple gall wasp, is a species of gall wasp in the family Cynipidae. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Its range includes Ontario , Quebec , and much of the eastern United States .
Trichoteras vacciniifoliae, formerly Andricus vacciniifoliae, [1] the golden oak apple wasp, is a species of gall-forming hymenopteran. The wasp creates a stem gall [2] on host plants, namely huckleberry oaks and canyon live oaks. [3] Andricus vacciniifoliae is native to the west coast of North America. [4] Because of their colorful appearance ...