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Clay is a type of fine-grained natural soil material containing clay minerals [1] (hydrous aluminium phyllosilicates, e.g. kaolinite, Al 2 Si 2 O 5 4). Most pure clay minerals are white or light-coloured, but natural clays show a variety of colours from impurities, such as a reddish or brownish colour from small amounts of iron oxide .
Clay is a very fine-grained geologic material that develops plasticity when wet, but becomes hard, brittle and non–plastic upon drying or firing. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] It is a very common material, [ 5 ] and is the oldest known ceramic .
Once conditioned, the clay will remain pliable until the particles eventually re-adhere. [8] Oven-hardenable PVC plastisol, "liquid polymer clay," is a complement to polymer clay that can be used as an adhesive to combine pieces, or to create various effects. Pigments, chalk pastel, and regular polymer clay can be added to make colored liquid clay.
Structural mud bricks are almost always made using clay, often clay soil and a binder are the only ingredients used, but other ingredients can include sand, lime, concrete, stone and other binders. The formed or compressed block is then air dried and can be laid dry or with a mortar or clay slip .
Soil texture is determined by the relative proportion of the three kinds of soil mineral particles, called soil separates: sand, silt, and clay. At the next larger scale, soil structures called peds or more commonly soil aggregates are created from the soil separates when iron oxides , carbonates , clay, silica and humus , coat particles and ...
Both extremes in soil have their advantages and shortcomings. Sand particles are relatively large (by definition from 2- to 5-hundredths of a millimeter across). Clay particles are very small (by ...
The clay particles are only weakly bound to each other, so various cations or polymers can be bound within the interlayer space. Biopolymers have been shown to strengthen soils both by cohesion with clay particles to form polymer-clay matrices and by promoting the aggregation of coarser soil particles with each other within the polymer-clay matrix.
Clay wall plaster exhibited very high deposition velocities and negligible yields. Clay and materials containing clay (e.g. bricks) consume ozone readily, perhaps because of a reaction catalyzed by metals present in the clay. Clay plaster with very high ozone uptake rates, has certain surface roughness, and porosity.