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Puberty is the process of physical changes through which a child's body matures into an adult body capable of sexual reproduction. It is initiated by hormonal signals from the brain to the gonads: the ovaries in a female, the testicles in a male.
Gonadarche marks the beginning of puberty and it is the process in which gonads, or the primary reproductive organs, mature, following stimulation of gonadotropin hormone-releasing hormone (GnRH) release in the hypothalamus. [6] The release of GnRH triggers a release of hormones that activate the maturation of the ovary and testis. [3]
Female primary sex characteristics are the vulva, vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, cervix, and the ability to give birth and menstruate when matured. [1] Hormones that express sexual differentiation in humans include: estrogens such as estradiol; progestogens such as progesterone; androgens such as testosterone
Puberty typically begins during preadolescence, particularly in females. [4] [5] Physical growth (particularly in males) and cognitive development can extend past the teens. Age provides only a rough marker of adolescence, and scholars have not agreed upon a precise definition. Some definitions start as early as 10 and end as late as 30.
In the female, these are the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina and vulva. The primary sex organs are different from the secondary sex organs because at maturity they produce gametes , which are haploid male or female germ cells which can unite with another of the opposite sex during sexual reproduction to form a zygote .
Menarche (/ m ə ˈ n ɑːr k i / mə-NAR-kee; from Ancient Greek μήν (mēn) 'month' and ἀρχή (arkhē) 'beginning') is the first menstrual cycle, or first menstrual bleeding, in female humans. From both social and medical perspectives, it is often considered the central event of female puberty, as it signals the possibility of fertility.
It found that less than 0.1% of U.S. transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents were prescribed puberty blockers or gender-affirming hormones—and that not a single patient under age 12 ...
Early puberty also puts girls at a higher risk for teasing or bullying, mental health disorders and short stature as adults. [19] [39] [56] Girls as young as 8 are increasingly starting to menstruate, develop breasts and grow pubic and underarm hair; these "biological milestones" typically occurred only at 13 or older in the past. African ...