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Police brutality is an instance or pattern of excessive and unwarranted force used against an individual or group of people. The Indigenous peoples of Canada include, as designated by the Canadian government, Inuit, Metis, and First Nations individuals and are officially considered Aboriginal peoples. [1]
A Tyendinaga Police Service car. Indigenous police services in Canada are police forces under the control of a First Nation or Inuit government.. The power of Indigenous governments to establish independent police services varies, and only First Nations and Inuit communities governed by the Indian Act can establish their own police forces.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs Police, Office of Justice Services (BIA or BIA-OJS), [1] also known as BIA Police, [2] is the law enforcement arm of the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs. The BIA's official mission is to "uphold the constitutional sovereignty of the Federally recognized Tribes and preserve peace within Indian country ". [ 1 ]
As a result of the urban relocation of indigenous people, Native Americans were exposed to police brutality within United States cities. [ 29 ] When the American Indian Movement (AIM) was founded in Minneapolis, Minnesota in July 1968, one of the group’s main goals was to combat police brutality against Native Americans in urban areas. [ 30 ]
The Pakistan Levies (Urdu: پاکستان لیویز), or Federal Levies, [1] are provincial paramilitary forces (gendarmeries) in Pakistan, whose primary missions are law enforcement, assisting the civilian police (where co-located) in maintaining law and order, and conducting internal security operations at the provincial level.
Ultimately, the settler state endeavoured to assimilate and enfranchise all Indigenous Peoples into the dominant society. [8] The combination of these colonial processes created a complex history of trauma for Indigenous peoples; however, of all the contributing factors, the residential school system has been identified as of primary significance.
But for many Indigenous peoples, the holiday also is another reminder of how their ancestors’ good gestures would soon be betrayed by massacres and land theft. It is a story that would play out ...
The indigenous people assumed control over the town, expelled the police force and blocked roads leading to oak timber on a nearby mountain. The vigilante activity spread to the nearby community of Opopeo. They established self-defence groups.