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Hypertonic saline and mannitol are the main osmotic agents in use, while loop diuretics can aid in the removal of the excess fluid pulled out of the brain. [ 1 ] [ 3 ] [ 7 ] [ 43 ] Hypertonic saline is a highly concentrated solution of sodium chloride in water and is administered intravenously . [ 3 ]
Hypertonic Saline which contains sodium chloride works in regulating ICP, intravascular volume and cardiac output without causing significant diuresis, but there are theoretical side effects ranging from neurological complications to subdural hematoma. Hypertonic saline solution has been choice of neuro critical care for the past few years. [1]
Intra-axial hemorrhage is bleeding within the brain itself, or cerebral hemorrhage. This category includes intraparenchymal hemorrhage, or bleeding within the brain tissue, and intraventricular hemorrhage, bleeding within the brain's ventricles (particularly of premature infants). Intra-axial hemorrhages are more dangerous and harder to treat ...
State regulators faulted two hospitals in Southern California for medication errors that put patients at risk, including one who suffered a brain bleed after receiving repeated doses of blood thinner.
Traumatic brain injury is defined as damage to the brain resulting from external mechanical force, such as rapid acceleration or deceleration, impact, blast waves, or penetration by a projectile. [10] Brain function is temporarily or permanently impaired and structural damage may or may not be detectable with current technology. [11]
Bleeding in the brain, also called intracranial hemorrhage, is considered a stroke, the Cleveland Clinic notes. The blood that collects in the brain makes it difficult for oxygen to reach the brain.
The bleed can be very small without any significant effect on surrounding brain or large hemorrhage that exerts mass effect on adjacent brain. Follow up CT scan is recommended. Those with extension of bleed into the ventricular system, expansion of bleeding, or increasing cerebral oedema on CT scan gives poorer prognosis. CT angiography (CTA ...
A brain bleed causes blood to pool between the brain and skull, which prevents oxygen from reaching the brain, according to Cleveland Clinic. A brain bleed, or hemorrhagic stroke, can occur for a ...