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The over-the-counter options include tolnaftate, as well as ketoconazole (available as Nizoral shampoo that can be applied topically). [ citation needed ] Among the available prescription drugs , the evidence is best for terbinafine and naftifine , but other agents may also work.
Terbinafine is an antifungal medication used to treat pityriasis versicolor, fungal nail infections, and ringworm including jock itch and athlete's foot. [1] [2] [3] It is either taken by mouth or applied to the skin as a cream or ointment. [1] [4] The cream and ointment should not be used for fungal nail infections. [5]
The general mechanism of action for topical antifungal drugs is the disruption of the cell membrane. The unique components found in fungal cell membranes are usually the drug targets of antifungal drugs, in particular ergosterol. It is a sterol, which is important in maintaining proper membrane fluidity and normal functions of the cell membrane.
Tinea corporis (also known as "ringworm", [2] tinea circinata, [11] and tinea glabrosa [2]) is a superficial fungal infection (dermatophytosis) of the arms and legs, especially on glabrous skin; however, it may occur on any part of the body, it present as annular, marginated plaque with thin scale and clear center.
Bifonazole (trade name Canespor among others [1]) is an imidazole antifungal drug used in form of ointments. It was patented in 1974 and approved for medical use in 1983. [2] There are also combinations with carbamide for the treatment of onychomycosis.
You can get 1% or less ketoconazole shampoo over the counter at your local drug store or supermarket. Look out for certain products advertised as dandruff treatments, like Nizoral shampoo.
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Currently there is no regulation on the use of similar antifungal classes in agriculture and the clinic. [1] [38] [39] The emergence of Candida auris as a potential human pathogen that sometimes exhibits multi-class antifungal drug resistance is concerning and has been associated with several outbreaks globally. The WHO has released a priority ...
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