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While myocarditis has many etiologies and a variable constellation of signs and symptoms, many causes do not have a specific treatment thus the primary focus is on supportive care and symptom management. [17] In some cases of biopsy-proven myocarditis, the causative cell type may indicate condition specific treatments that are beneficial.
Viral cardiomyopathy occurs when viral infections cause myocarditis with a resulting thickening of the myocardium and dilation of the ventricles. These viruses include Coxsackie B and adenovirus, echoviruses, influenza H1N1, Epstein–Barr virus, rubella (German measles virus), varicella (chickenpox virus), mumps, measles, parvoviruses, yellow fever, dengue fever, polio, rabies, and the ...
Treatment depends on the type of cardiomyopathy and the severity of symptoms. [5] Treatments may include lifestyle changes, medications, or surgery. [5] Surgery may include a ventricular assist device or heart transplant. [5] In 2015 cardiomyopathy and myocarditis affected 2.5 million people. [6]
Myocarditis-myositis-myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) is a rare immune-related adverse event primarily associated with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These ICIs, which have been incorporated into the treatment of various malignancies , function by activating the immune system to detect and attack cancer cells .
Eosinophilic myocarditis is often viewed as a disorder that has three progressive stages. The first stage of eosinophilic myocarditis involves acute inflammation and cardiac cell necrosis (i.e. areas of dead cells); it is dominated by symptoms characterized as the acute coronary syndrome such as angina, heart attack and/or congestive heart failure.
Coxsackieviruses-induced cardiomyopathy are positive-stranded RNA viruses in picornavirus family and the genus enterovirus, acute enterovirus infections such as Coxsackievirus B3 have been identified as the cause of virally induced acute myocarditis, resulting in dilated cardiomyopathy. [1]
The onset of symptoms can occasionally be gradual rather than sudden. [8] The cause of pericarditis often remains unknown but is believed to be most often due to a viral infection. [4] [8] Other causes include bacterial infections such as tuberculosis, uremic pericarditis, heart attack, cancer, autoimmune disorders, and chest trauma.
HIV is a major cause of cardiomyopathy (problems with the heart muscle that reduce the efficiency with which the heart pumps blood). The most common type of HIV induced cardiomyopathy is dilated cardiomyopathy also known as eccentric ventricular hypertrophy which leads to impaired contraction of the ventricles due to volume overload.
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