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In electromagnetism, the magnetic susceptibility (from Latin susceptibilis 'receptive'; denoted χ, chi) is a measure of how much a material will become magnetized in an applied magnetic field. It is the ratio of magnetization M ( magnetic moment per unit volume ) to the applied magnetic field intensity H .
An Evans balance, also known as a Johnson Matthey magnetic susceptibility balance, is a scientific instrument used to measure the magnetic susceptibility of solids and liquids. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Magnetic susceptibility quantifies the extent to which a material becomes magnetized in an applied magnetic field .
In classical electromagnetism, magnetization is the vector field that expresses the density of permanent or induced magnetic dipole moments in a magnetic material. Accordingly, physicists and engineers usually define magnetization as the quantity of magnetic moment per unit volume. [1] It is represented by a pseudovector M.
For passive magnetic levitation a relative permeability below 1 is needed (corresponding to a negative susceptibility). Permeability varies with a magnetic field. Values shown above are approximate and valid only at the magnetic fields shown. They are given for a zero frequency; in practice, the permeability is generally a function of the ...
Schematic diagram of Gouy balance. The Gouy balance, invented by the French physicist Louis Georges Gouy, is a device for measuring the magnetic susceptibility of a sample. . The Gouy balance operates on magnetic torque, by placing the sample on a horizontal arm or beam suspended by a thin fiber, and placing either a permanent magnet or electromagnet on the other end of the arm, there is a ...
These behave in the opposite manner to normal magnets owing to their relative permeability of μ r < 1 (i.e. negative magnetic susceptibility). Diamagnetic levitation can be inherently stable. A permanent magnet can be stably suspended by various configurations of strong permanent magnets and strong diamagnets.
The magnetic moments being aligned in the same direction are what causes an induced magnetic field. [12] [13] For paramagnetism, this response to an applied magnetic field is positive and is known as magnetic susceptibility. [8] The magnetic susceptibility only applies above the Curie temperature for disordered states. [14]
Diamagnetism. When placed in a magnetic field the atom becomes magnetically polarized, that is, it develops an induced magnetic moment. The force of the interaction tends to push the atom out of the magnetic field. By convention diamagnetic susceptibility is given a negative sign.