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The Red Guards were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolishment in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted. [3] According to a Red Guard leader, the movement's aims were as follows:
[9] [18] At the same time, Red Guards launched a nationwide campaign to destroy the "Four Olds". [1] [9] In Beijing alone, a total of 4,922 historic sites were ruined, and the Red Guards burned 2.3 million books as well as 3.3 million paintings, art objects, and pieces of furniture. [4] [10] Red Guards on Tiananmen Square of Beijing (September ...
Red Guards attacked the workers, who remained peaceful. Ultimately, the workers disarmed the students and occupied the campus. [40]: 205–206 On 28 July, Mao and the Central Group met with the five most important remaining Beijing Red Guard leaders to address the movement's excessive violence and political exhaustion.
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army [a] or just the Red Army, was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising .
Mao waved to the "revolutionary masses" on the riverside before his "swim across the Yangtze", July 1966 Red Guards of Beijing University marching through Tiananmen Square, 1966 Mao's cult was significantly elevated during the Cultural Revolution , despite the major failures of his Great Leap Forward campaign only years prior.
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), struggle sessions were widely conducted by Red Guards and various rebel groups across mainland China. [4] [5] [9] [10] Though there was no specific definition for the "targets of struggle", they included the Five Black Categories and anyone else who could be deemed an enemy of Mao Zedong Thought ...
The organization was established in mid-October 1966 and was supported by the rebels in Beijing. [1]: 150 [2] The organization takes its name from a river that flows through Hunan, the Xiangjiang River. [3]
Rebel groups of Red Guards marching in Shanghai, 1967. During the Cultural Revolution, a Rebel Faction (Chinese: 造反派; pinyin: Zàofǎn pài) referred to a group or a sociopolitical movement that was self-proclaimed "rebellious". Composed of workers and students, they were often the more radical wing of the Red Guards and grew around 1967 ...