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The Red Guards were a mass, student-led, paramilitary social movement mobilized by Chairman Mao Zedong in 1966 until their abolishment in 1968, during the first phase of the Cultural Revolution, which he had instituted. [3] According to a Red Guard leader, the movement's aims were as follows:
Mao waved to the "revolutionary masses" on the riverside before his "swim across the Yangtze", July 1966 Red Guards of Beijing University marching through Tiananmen Square, 1966 Mao's cult was significantly elevated during the Cultural Revolution , despite the major failures of his Great Leap Forward campaign only years prior.
Rebel groups of Red Guards marching in Shanghai, 1967. During the Cultural Revolution, a Rebel Faction (Chinese: 造反派; pinyin: Zàofǎn pài) referred to a group or a sociopolitical movement that was self-proclaimed "rebellious". Composed of workers and students, they were often the more radical wing of the Red Guards and grew around 1967 ...
After Mao launched the Cultural Revolution in the summer of 1966, he first allowed select students called Red Guards, then the population at large, to ferret out and denounce every party member ...
The Chinese Red Army, formally the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army [a] or just the Red Army, was the military wing of the Chinese Communist Party from 1928 to 1937. It was formed when Communist elements of the National Revolutionary Army splintered and mutinied in the Nanchang Uprising .
When Mao Zedong launched the Cultural Revolution in 1966, the initial thrust was to attack the so-called "bourgeois reactionary authorities" and "white experts", and students who opposed their teachers and focused more on politics formed the Red Guards. However, after Red August, Mao began to have students attack the "capitalist roaders of the ...
During the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), struggle sessions were widely conducted by Red Guards and various rebel groups across mainland China. [4] [5] [9] [10] Though there was no specific definition for the "targets of struggle", they included the Five Black Categories and anyone else who could be deemed an enemy of Mao Zedong Thought ...
Song was born in 1947, the daughter of Song Renqiong, one of China's founding leaders known as the Eight Immortals. [3] In 1960, she started studying at the Experimental High School Attached to Beijing Normal University. In 1966, she was a senior leader among the leftist Red Guards at her girls' school in Beijing.