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This nerve is the most commonly injured nerve in proximal humerus fractures due to its location close to the proximal humerus. [ 12 ] Muscles that attach to the proximal humerus and can cause a deforming force on fracture fragments include the pectoralis major , the deltoid , and the rotator cuff muscles .
Among proximal fractures, 80% are one-part, 10% are two-part, and the remaining 10% are three- and four-part. [22] The most common location of proximal fractures is at the surgical neck of the humerus. [3] Incidence of proximal fractures increases with age, with about 75% of cases occurring among people over the age of 60. [11]
Injury of axillary nerve (axillary neuropathy) is a condition that can be associated with a surgical neck of the humerus fracture.. It can also be associated with a dislocated shoulder [1] or with traction injury to the nerve, which may be caused by over-aggressive stretching or blunt trauma that does not result in fracture or dislocation. [2]
The Müller AO Classification of fractures is a system for classifying bone fractures initially published in 1987 [1] by the AO Foundation as a method of categorizing injuries according to therognosis of the patient's anatomical and functional outcome. "AO" is an initialism for the German "Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen", the ...
The Gartland classification is a system of categorizing supracondylar humerus fractures, clinically useful as it predicts the likelihood of associated neurovascular injury, such as anterior interosseous nerve neurapraxia or brachial artery disruption.
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A Hill–Sachs lesion, or Hill–Sachs fracture, is a cortical depression in the posterolateral head of the humerus. It results from forceful impaction of the humeral head against the anteroinferior glenoid rim when the shoulder is dislocated anteriorly.
Bone grafting is a surgical procedure that replaces missing bone in order to repair bone fractures that are extremely complex, pose a significant health risk to the patient, or fail to heal properly. Some small or acute fractures can be cured without bone grafting, but the risk is greater for large fractures like compound fractures.