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Only specialized laboratories can adequately diagnose Babesia infection in humans, so Babesia infections are considered highly under-reported. It develops in patients who live in or travel to an endemic area or receive a contaminated blood transfusion within the preceding 9 weeks, so this aspect of the medical history is vital. [ 13 ]
Babesia species infect livestock worldwide, wild and domestic vertebrate animals, and occasionally humans, where they cause the disease babesiosis. [ 9 ] [ 7 ] In the United States, B. microti is the most common strain of the few that have been documented to cause disease in humans.
It is the most common cause of human babesiosis. [2] It is the main agent of bovine babesiosis, or "redwater fever", in Europe. Young cattle are less susceptible. The current emphasis in Europe on sustainable agriculture and extensification is likely to lead to an increase in vector tick populations with increased risk of infection. [1]
[1] [2] Humans are accidental hosts of Babesia in general, but B. microti is an important transfusion-transmitted infectious organism in humans. Between 2010 and 2014, it caused four out of 15 (27%) fatalities associated with transfusion-transmitted microbial infections reported to the US FDA (the highest of any single organism). [3]
B. canis infection in dogs usually responds to treatment with imidocarb dipropionate, although the infection may not be eliminated and dogs can become permanent carriers. [6] In dogs infected with B. canis, splenectomy (removal of the spleen) or any immunosuppressive drug should be avoided; otherwise, signs of babesiosis may recur. [6]
Babesia bovis is an Apicomplexan single-celled parasite of cattle which occasionally infects humans. The disease it and other members of the genus Babesia cause is a hemolytic anemia known as babesiosis and colloquially called Texas cattle fever, redwater or piroplasmosis. It is transmitted by bites from infected larval ticks of the order ...
Babesia bigemina is a species of alveolates belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa and the family Babesiidae, a type of protozoan parasite. In cattle, it causes babesiosis , also called "Texas fever". Its length is 4–5 μm and its width is 2–3 μm.
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