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An annual rate of return is a return over a period of one year, such as January 1 through December 31, or June 3, 2006, through June 2, 2007, whereas an annualized rate of return is a rate of return per year, measured over a period either longer or shorter than one year, such as a month, or two years, annualized for comparison with a one-year ...
Return on investment (ROI) or return on costs (ROC) is the ratio between net income (over a period) and investment (costs resulting from an investment of some resources at a point in time). A high ROI means the investment's gains compare favourably to its cost.
A reasonably accurate equation for the percent Total Return in a year of any security is the sum of the percent gain (or loss, a negative percent) over the year in the security value, plus the annual dividend yield expressed as a percent (100 × annual dividends divided by the security price at the beginning of the year).
The chart below shows how the three major U.S. stock indexes performed over different time periods. Importantly, performance is measured by price returns, meaning dividend payments were excluded.
In Classical Economics profit is the return to the proprietor(s) of capital stocks (machinery, tools, structures). If I lease a backhoe from a tool rental company the amount I pay to the backhoe owner it is seen by me as "rent". But that same flow as seen by the supplier of the backhoe is "interest" (i.e. the return to loaned stock/money).
The return on equity (ROE) is a measure of the profitability of a business in relation to its equity; [1] where: . ROE = Net Income / Average Shareholders' Equity [1] Thus, ROE is equal to a fiscal year's net income (after preferred stock dividends, before common stock dividends), divided by total equity (excluding preferred shares), expressed as a percentage.
This contrasts with the total return, which does take into account the income generated in the portfolio. Often, when the return of a stock market index is quoted in the press, the quoted returns concern price returns, rather than the total returns. Examples are the S&P 500 and the MSCI EAFE, which are typically quoted in terms of price return. [1]
Information economics or the economics of information is the branch of microeconomics that studies how information and information systems affect an economy and economic decisions. [ 1 ] One application considers information embodied in certain types of commodities that are "expensive to produce but cheap to reproduce."