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One method of eutrophication remediation is the application of aluminum sulfate, a salt commonly used in the coagulation process of drinking water treatment. Aluminum sulfate, or "alum" as it is commonly referred, has been found to be an effective lake management tool by reducing the phosphorus load. [2] Sediment core sampled from a Minnesota lake.
BOD test bottles at the laboratory of a wastewater treatment plant. Biochemical oxygen demand (also known as BOD or biological oxygen demand) is an analytical parameter representing the amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) consumed by aerobic bacteria growing on the organic material present in a water sample at a specific temperature over a specific time period.
The RBC process allows the wastewater to come in contact with a biological film in order to remove pollutants in the wastewater before discharge of the treated wastewater to the environment, usually a body of water (river, lake or ocean). A rotating biological contactor is a type of secondary (biological) treatment process.
The widely used UASB reactor, for example, is a suspended-growth high-rate digester, with its biomass clumped into granules that will settle relatively easily and with typical loading rates in the range 5-10 kgCOD/m 3 /d. [2] Most common types of anaerobic digestion are liquid, plug-flow and solid-state type digesters. [6]
Electro-oxidation (EO or EOx), also known as anodic oxidation or electrochemical oxidation (EC), is a technique used for wastewater treatment, mainly for industrial effluents, and is a type of advanced oxidation process (AOP). [1] The most general layout comprises two electrodes, operating as anode and cathode, connected to a power source.
A total maximum daily load (TMDL) is a regulatory term in the U.S. Clean Water Act, describing a plan for restoring impaired waters that identifies the maximum amount of a pollutant that a body of water can receive while still meeting water quality standards.
This is why low speed surface aerators are mostly used in sewage or industrial treatment as WWTP [clarification needed] are bigger and sparing energy becomes very interesting. Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between 0 °C and 40 °C, the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature.
This is a double layer high load system, with 2 settler layers. The upflow rates are high below the first settler layer, and low below the second settler layer - this keeps both the 'adult' and 'baby' grains in the system, which pays off in greater net growth of granular sludge. Typical loading rates for an ECSB; 15 - 35 kg COD / m3 / day.