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Hybrid Rice. Hybrid rice is a type of Asian rice that has been crossbred from two very different parent varieties. [1] As with other types of hybrids, hybrid rice typically displays heterosis or "hybrid vigor", so when grown under the same conditions as comparable purebred rice varieties, it can produce up to 30% more yield. [2]
Expediting the production of inbred lines: Even if the final propagule for the farmers' fields is hybrid seed, not hybrid clones, the parents of exceptional F1 hybrids could be immediately clonally propagated if they were rhizomatous. These genetic replicas could be maintained indefinitely and crossed afresh each year to produce new F1 hybrid seed.
Elite inbred strains are used that express well-documented and consistent phenotypes with yield that is relatively good for inbred plants. [2] Other characteristics of the parents are carefully chosen to provide desirable traits such as improved color, flavour, or disease resistance.
Some plants are propagated by asexual means while others are propagated by seeds. Seed propagated cultivars require specific control over seed source and production procedures to maintain the integrity of the plant breeds results. Isolation is necessary to prevent cross contamination with related plants or the mixing of seeds after harvesting.
Compared to inbred lines, hybrids produce approximately 20% greater yield, and comprise 45% of rice planting area in China. [19] Rice production has seen enormous rise in China due to heavy uses of hybrid rice. In China, efforts have generated a super hybrid rice strain ('LYP9') with a production capability around 15 tons per hectare.
Pusa Basmati 1979 (Pusa 1979-14-7-33-99-66) is a non-GM herbicide tolerant Basmati rice variety suitable for dry direct seeded rice (DSR) cultivation. [14] The variety shows complete tolerate to the spraying of Imazethapyr , an herbicide that kills all the common garden land weeds. [ 13 ]
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At present, as much as 50 percent of China's total number of rice paddies grow Yuan Longping's hybrid rice and these hybrid rice paddies yield 60 percent of the total rice production in China. [6] China's total rice output rose from 56.9 million tons in 1950 to 194.7 million tons in 2017. [ 15 ]