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  2. Elementary charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementary_charge

    The elementary charge, usually denoted by e, is a fundamental physical constant, defined as the electric charge carried by a single proton (+1 e) or, equivalently, the magnitude of the negative electric charge carried by a single electron, which has charge −1 e. [2] [a]

  3. Electric charge - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_charge

    Electric charge is a conserved property: the net charge of an isolated system, the quantity of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge, cannot change. Electric charge is carried by subatomic particles. In ordinary matter, negative charge is carried by electrons, and positive charge is carried by the protons in the nuclei of atoms ...

  4. Proton - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proton

    A proton is a stable subatomic particle, symbol p, H +, or 1 H + with a positive electric charge of +1 e (elementary charge).Its mass is slightly less than the mass of a neutron and approximately 1836 times the mass of an electron (the proton-to-electron mass ratio).

  5. Electron - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron

    Within the limits of experimental accuracy, the electron charge is identical to the charge of a proton, but with the opposite sign. [83] The electron is commonly symbolized by e −, and the positron is symbolized by e +. [79] [80] The electron has an intrinsic angular momentum or spin of ⁠ ħ / 2 ⁠. [80]

  6. Charge carrier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_carrier

    There are two recognized types of charge carriers in semiconductors.One is electrons, which carry a negative electric charge.In addition, it is convenient to treat the traveling vacancies in the valence band electron population as a second type of charge carrier, which carry a positive charge equal in magnitude to that of an electron.

  7. Atomic number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_number

    An explanation of the superscripts and subscripts seen in atomic number notation. Atomic number is the number of protons, and therefore also the total positive charge, in the atomic nucleus. The atomic number or nuclear charge number (symbol Z) of a chemical element is the charge number of its atomic nucleus.

  8. Charge number - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_number

    In that case, the charge of an ion could be written as =. The charge number in chemistry normally relates to an electric charge. This is a property of specific subatomic atoms. These elements define the electromagnetic contact between the two elements. A chemical charge can be found by using the periodic table.

  9. Periodic trends - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_trends

    Thus, from left-to-right of a period and top-to-bottom of a group, as the number of protons in the nucleus increases, the nuclear charge will also increase. [8] However, electrons of multi-electron atoms do not experience the entire nuclear charge due to shielding effects from the other electrons.