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In 1637 Descartes was the first to unite the German radical sign √ with the vinculum to create the radical symbol in common use today. [8] The symbol used to indicate a vinculum need not be a line segment (overline or underline); sometimes braces can be used (pointing either up or down). [9]
This list of nuclides shows observed nuclides that either are stable or, if radioactive, have half-lives longer than one hour. This represents isotopes of the first 105 elements, except for elements 87 (), 102 and 104 (rutherfordium).
A regular hendecagon is represented by Schläfli symbol {11}.. A regular hendecagon has internal angles of 147. 27 degrees (=147 degrees). [5] The area of a regular hendecagon with side length a is given by [2]
Rubidium fluoride is a white crystalline substance with a cubic crystal structure that looks very similar to common salt (NaCl). The crystals belong to the space group Fm3m (space group no. 225) with the lattice parameter a = 565 pm and four formula units per unit cell. [2]
Half-life (symbol t ½) is the time required for a quantity (of substance) to reduce to half of its initial value.The term is commonly used in nuclear physics to describe how quickly unstable atoms undergo radioactive decay or how long stable atoms survive.
The Verdet constant is an optical property named after the French physicist Émile Verdet.It describes the strength of the Faraday effect for a particular material. [1] For a constant magnetic field parallel to the path of the light, it can be calculated as [2]
Plutonium (94 Pu) is an artificial element, except for trace quantities resulting from neutron capture by uranium, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes.
Niobium-92 is an extinct radionuclide [6] with a half-life of 34.7 million years, decaying predominantly via β + decay. Its abundance relative to the stable 93 Nb in the early Solar System, estimated at 1.7×10 −5, has been measured to investigate the origin of p-nuclei.