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cksum is a command in Unix and Unix-like operating systems that generates a checksum value for a file or stream of data. The cksum command reads each file given in its arguments, or standard input if no arguments are provided, and outputs the file's 32-bit cyclic redundancy check (CRC) checksum and byte count. [1]
It is commonly used to verify the integrity of files. It (or a variant) is installed by default on most Linux distributions. Typically distributed alongside sha1sum are sha224sum, sha256sum, sha384sum and sha512sum, which use a specific SHA-2 hash function and b2sum, [1] which uses the BLAKE2 cryptographic hash function.
The content of such spam may often vary in its details, which would render normal checksumming ineffective. By contrast, a "fuzzy checksum" reduces the body text to its characteristic minimum, then generates a checksum in the usual manner. This greatly increases the chances of slightly different spam emails producing the same checksum.
Run command with specified security context seq: Prints a sequence of numbers sleep: Delays for a specified amount of time stat: Returns data about an inode: stdbuf: Controls buffering for commands that use stdio stty: Changes and prints terminal line settings tee: Sends output to multiple files test: Evaluates an expression timeout: Run a ...
md5sum is specific to systems that use GNU coreutils or a clone such as BusyBox.On FreeBSD and OpenBSD the utilities are called md5, sha1, sha256, and sha512.These versions offer slightly different options and features.
Several utilities, such as md5deep, can use such checksum files to automatically verify an entire directory of files in one operation. The particular hash algorithm used is often indicated by the file extension of the checksum file. The ".sha1" file extension indicates a checksum file containing 160-bit SHA-1 hashes in sha1sum format.
BSD checksum (Unix) 16 bits sum with circular rotation SYSV checksum (Unix) 16 bits sum with circular rotation sum8 8 bits sum Internet Checksum: 16 bits sum (ones' complement) sum24 24 bits sum sum32 32 bits sum fletcher-4: 4 bits sum fletcher-8: 8 bits sum fletcher-16: 16 bits sum fletcher-32: 32 bits sum Adler-32: 32 bits sum xor8: 8 bits ...
In cryptography, SHA-1 (Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160-bit (20-byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits.