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The title of Grand Duke, was in fact the second title of recognition within the Tuscan politics given by a Pope to the Medici family, the first being that of Duke of the Florentine Republic, created by Pope Clement VII in 1532. [3] [4] The official residence of the Grand Dukes was the Palazzo Pitti in Florence, bought by the Medici in 1549. [5]
Grand Duke Ferdinand I sought to expand Tuscany's naval strength during his reign, and cooperated with the Order of Saint Stephen, which often blurred the line between itself and the Tuscan navy. The Order in 1604 counted among its fleet 6 galleys, 3 roundships/ bertoni , 2 transports, 1 galleon, and 1 galleass, supplemented by other ships ...
When his brother Francesco I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, died in 1587, Ferdinando succeeded as grand duke at the age of 38. [citation needed] In many ways, Ferdinando was the opposite of his brother who preceded him. Approachable and generous, he set out to rule mildly.
Ferdinando II de' Medici (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) was grand duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. He was the eldest son of Cosimo II de' Medici and Maria Maddalena of Austria . Remembered by his contemporaries as a man of culture and science, he actively participated in the Accademia del Cimento , the first official scientific society in ...
Leopold II [nb 1] (3 October 1797 – 29 January 1870) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1824 to 1859. He married twice; first to Maria Anna of Saxony, and after her death in 1832, to Maria Antonia of the Two-Sicilies. By the latter, he begat his eventual successor, Ferdinand. Leopold was recognised contemporarily as a liberal monarch, authorising ...
Ferdinand III [nb 1] (6 May 1769 – 18 June 1824) was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg (1803–1805) and Duke and Elector (to 1806, Grand Duke from 1806) of Würzburg (1805–1814).
His siblings included the future Duchess of Parma, Archduchess Anna of Austria and Grand Duke Ferdinando II, himself father of the penultimate Medici grand duke. He pursued a military career. [ 2 ] Along with his mother and Mattias, he visited Austria in 1631 in order to meet his uncle the Emperor Ferdinand II .
When his brother was elected Grand Duke, Leopoldo acted as his advisor for manufactures, agriculture and trades. Leopoldo, a disciple of Galileo, took a real interest in the proceedings of the justly celebrated academy 'Del Cimento' (the test), signing its correspondence, following closely the work of Evangelista Torricelli da Modigliana ...