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On 31 August 1854, after several other outbreaks had occurred elsewhere in the city, a major outbreak of cholera occurred in Soho. Snow later called it "the most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in this kingdom." [8] Over the next three days, 127 people on or near Broad Street died.
In 1849, a second major outbreak occurred in France. In London, it was the worst outbreak in the city's history, claiming 14,137 lives, over twice as many as the 1832 outbreak. Cholera hit Ireland in 1849 and killed many of the Irish Famine survivors, already weakened by starvation and fever. [28]
John Snow (15 March 1813 – 16 June 1858 [1]) was an English physician and a leader in the development of anaesthesia and medical hygiene.He is considered one of the founders of modern epidemiology and early germ theory, in part because of his work in tracing the source of a cholera outbreak in London's Soho, which he identified as a particular public water pump.
The Ghost Map: The Story of London's Most Terrifying Epidemic – and How it Changed Science, Cities and the Modern World is a book by Steven Berlin Johnson in which he describes the most intense outbreak of cholera in Victorian London and centers on John Snow and Henry Whitehead. [1] It was released on 19 October 2006 through Riverhead.
England had multiple cholera epidemics during the 19th century. The earliest outbreak in Britain occurred in 1831. [28] In that year, 21,800 people died from cholera within the country. [28] These outbreaks were first blamed on the poor because they were said to smell bad and be immoral. This population was believed to cause "bad air."
Heroine of the Isle of Man cholera outbreaks of 1832 & 1833; first Matron of the newly established Hospital and Dispensary in 1839 Eleanor (Nelly) Brennan , (26 January 1792 – 23 January 1859) was a Manx washerwoman who became instrumental in the introduction of the practices of nursing on the Isle of Man .
Cholera dissemination across Asia and Europe in 1817–1831. In the years after the pandemic subsided in many areas of the world, there were still small outbreaks, and pockets of cholera remained. [8] In the period from 1823 to 1829, the first cholera outbreak remained outside of much of Europe. [8]
A two-year outbreak began in England and Wales in 1848, and claimed 52,000 lives. [9] In London, it was the worst outbreak in the city's history, claiming 14,137 lives, over twice as many as the 1832 outbreak. Cholera hit Ireland in 1849 and killed many of the Irish Famine survivors, already weakened by starvation and fever. [10]