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Refractive surgery is an optional eye surgery used to improve the refractive state of the eye and decrease or eliminate dependency on glasses or contact lenses.This can include various methods of surgical remodeling of the cornea (keratomileusis), lens implantation or lens replacement.
The Bates method is an ineffective and potentially dangerous alternative therapy aimed at improving eyesight.Eye-care physician William Horatio Bates (1860–1931) held the erroneous belief that the extraocular muscles caused changes in focus and that "mental strain" caused abnormal action of these muscles; hence he believed that relieving such "strain" would cure defective vision.
LASIK or Lasik (/ ˈ l eɪ s ɪ k /; "laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis"), commonly referred to as laser eye surgery or laser vision correction, is a type of refractive surgery for the correction of myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism. [1]
Radial keratotomy (RK) is a refractive surgical procedure to correct myopia (nearsightedness). It was developed in 1974 by Svyatoslav Fyodorov, a Russian ophthalmologist. It has been largely supplanted by newer, more accurate operations, such as photorefractive keratectomy, LASIK, Epi-LASIK and the phakic intraocular lens. [1]
Low myopia usually describes myopia between −0.50 and −3.00 diopters. [65] Moderate myopia usually describes myopia between −3.00 and −6.00 diopters. [65] Those with moderate amounts of myopia are more likely to have pigment dispersion syndrome or pigmentary glaucoma. [84] High myopia usually describes myopia of −6.00 or more.
The condition of posterior staphyloma in high myopia was first described by Scarpa in the 1800s. [6] Speculation about reinforcement of the eye began in the 19th century, when Rubin noted that sclera reinforcement “is probably the only one of all the surgical techniques [for myopia] which attempts to correct a cause, rather than an effect”. [7]
While pinhole glasses are claimed to be useful for people who are both near- and far-sighted, they are not recommended [citation needed] for people with over 6 diopters of myopia. Additionally, pinhole glasses reduce brightness and peripheral vision, [1] [2] and thus should not be used for driving or when operating machinery. [3]
When refractive errors in children are not treated, the child may be at risk of developing ambylopia, where vision may remain permanently blurry. [32] Because young children typically do not complain of blurry vision, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that children have yearly vision screening starting at three years old so that unknown refractive errors or other ophthalmic ...