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In addition to running a compiled Java program, computers running Java applications generally must also run the Java virtual machine (JVM), while compiled C++ programs can be run without external applications. Early versions of Java were significantly outperformed by statically compiled languages such as C++.
It is most commonly associated with the act of compiling a higher-level programming language such as C or C++, or an intermediate representation such as Java bytecode or Common Intermediate Language (CIL) code, into native machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively, just like a standard native compiler.
In software development, the programming language Java was historically considered slower than the fastest third-generation typed languages such as C and C++. [1] In contrast to those languages, Java compiles by default to a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) with operations distinct from those of the actual computer hardware.
C compiler C++ compiler Refactoring; Anjuta (abandoned) GPL: No Yes No FreeBSD: C: Yes Yes Yes Yes No Yes No Yes Yes 2016-03 Yes Yes No AppCode (IntelliJ IDEA) Proprietary: No No Yes Java: Yes Yes No Yes (Xcode profiler) No Yes Yes Yes Yes 2012-12 Yes (Xcode toolchain) Yes (Xcode toolchain) Yes C++Builder: Proprietary, Freeware (Starter edition ...
In general, a Java programmer does not need to understand Java bytecode or even be aware of it. However, as suggested in the IBM developerWorks journal, "Understanding bytecode and what bytecode is likely to be generated by a Java compiler helps the Java programmer in the same way that knowledge of assembly helps the C or C++ programmer."
Dynamic compilation is a process used by some programming language implementations to gain performance during program execution. Although the technique originated in Smalltalk, [1] the best-known language that uses this technique is Java.
The BCPL compiler had been transported to Multics by Bell Labs and BCPL was a preferred language at Bell Labs. [38] Initially, a front-end program to Bell Labs' B compiler was used while a C compiler was developed. In 1971, a new PDP-11 provided the resource to define extensions to B and rewrite the compiler.
This list of JVM Languages comprises notable computer programming languages that are used to produce computer software that runs on the Java virtual machine (JVM). Some of these languages are interpreted by a Java program, and some are compiled to Java bytecode and just-in-time (JIT) compiled during execution as regular Java programs to improve performance.