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The phoenix is sometimes pictured in ancient and medieval literature and medieval art as endowed with a halo, which emphasizes the bird's connection with the Sun. [15] In the oldest images of phoenixes on record these nimbuses often have seven rays, like Helios (the Greek personification of the Sun). [16]
This is a list of medieval bestiaries. The bestiary form is commonly divided into "families," as proposed in 1928 by M. R. James and revised by Florence McCulloch in 1959–1962. Latin bestiaries
Rich colour miniatures of the animals of the compendium are a key part of the medieval bestiary, and what captivates many historians and preservationists. In keeping with this tradition The Ashmole Bestiary features “real” animals (such as dogs, beavers, and elephants), but also mythical and legendary creatures like a unicorn and a phoenix. [3]
The art of the Middle Ages was mainly religious, reflecting the relationship between God and man, created in His image. The animal often appears confronted or dominated by man, but a second current of thought stemming from Saint Paul and Aristotle, which developed from the 12th century onwards, includes animals and humans in the same community of living creatures.
The bestiary — the medieval book of beasts — was among the most popular illuminated texts in northern Europe during the Middle Ages (about 500–1500). Medieval Christians understood every element of the world as a manifestation of God, and bestiaries largely focused on each animal's religious meaning.
The composition of The Phoenix dates from the ninth century. Although the text is complete, it has been edited and translated many times. It is a part of the Exeter Book contained within folios 55b-65b, [1] and is a story based on three main sources: Carmen de ave phoenice by Lactantius (early fourth century), the Bible, and Hexaemeron by Ambrose.
Brazen head (Medieval legends) – living head of brass purported to be able to answer any question given to it; Doll Woman- (Lenape) lifelike doll spirit. Must stay properly appeased, or will cause mischief in the home. Frankenstein's monster; Galatea – ivory statue carved by Pygmalion; Gingerbread man – from German folk tales
Avalerion (Medieval Bestiary) – King of the birds. Awa-hon-do – Insect spirit. Axex (Ancient Egyptian) – Falcon-lion hybrid. Ayakashi – Sea serpent that travels over boats in an arc while dripping oil. Ayakashi-no-ayashibi – Spectral fire from Ishikawa Prefecture. Aziza – Little people that help hunters.