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A birational map from X to Y is a rational map f : X ⇢ Y such that there is a rational map Y ⇢ X inverse to f. A birational map induces an isomorphism from a nonempty open subset of X to a nonempty open subset of Y, and vice versa: an isomorphism between nonempty open subsets of X, Y by definition gives a birational map f : X ⇢ Y. In this ...
The weak factorization theorem says that every birational map can be factored as a composition of particularly simple blowups. The Cremona group, the group of birational automorphisms of the plane, is generated by blowups. Besides their importance in describing birational transformations, blowups are also an important way of constructing new ...
A birational morphism with finite fibers to a normal variety is an isomorphism to an open subset. The total transform of a normal fundamental point of a birational map has positive dimension. This is essentially Zariski's original version. The total transform of a normal point under a proper birational morphism is connected.
The canonical map is one obtained by passage to limit. The theorem is used to deduce some other important theorems: Stein factorization and a version of Zariski's main theorem that says that a proper birational morphism into a normal variety is an isomorphism. Some other corollaries (with the notations as above) are:
The composition of regular maps is again regular; thus, algebraic varieties form the category of algebraic varieties where the morphisms are the regular maps. Regular maps between affine varieties correspond contravariantly in one-to-one to algebra homomorphisms between the coordinate rings: if f : X → Y is a morphism of affine varieties ...
In algebraic geometry, the problem of resolution of singularities asks whether every algebraic variety V has a resolution, which is a non-singular variety W with a proper birational map W→V. For varieties over fields of characteristic 0 , this was proved by Heisuke Hironaka in 1964; [ 1 ] while for varieties of dimension at least 4 over ...
A variety X is separably uniruled if there is a variety Y with a dominant separable rational map Y × P 1 – → X which does not factor through the projection to Y. ("Separable" means that the derivative is surjective at some point; this would be automatic for a dominant rational map in characteristic zero.)
(Sometimes the induced birational morphism from to + is called a flip or flop.) In applications, is often a small contraction of an extremal ray, which implies several extra properties: The exceptional sets of both maps and + have codimension at least 2,