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Erythema nodosum (EN) is an inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of subcutaneous fat tissue, resulting in painful red/blue lumps or nodules that are usually seen symmetrically on both shins, on the thighs, arms, and elsewhere. [1]
The exact cause of lipodermatosclerosis is unknown. [3] [6] Venous disease, such as venous incompetence, venous hypertension, and body mass may be relevant to the underlying pathogenesis. [3] Increased blood pressure in the veins (venous hypertension) can cause diffusion of substances, including fibrin, out of capillaries.
Lipedema is a condition that is almost exclusively found in women [3] and results in enlargement of both legs due to deposits of fat under the skin. [2] Women of any weight may be affected [2] [3] and the fat is resistant to traditional weight-loss methods. [4]
Bumps, lumps, or protrusions (also called knobs) on the skin begin to appear. Stage 5: The affected limb(s) become grossly large; one or more deep skin folds is present. Stage 6: Knobs of small elongated or rounded sizes cluster together, giving mossy-like shapes on the limb. Mobility of the patient becomes increasingly impaired.
The pathophysiology is not yet well understood. Leukocytoclastic vasculitis is proposed to be the underlying cause resulting in reactive lymphedema. [2] Prolonged standing with full knee extension and minimal movement for a prolonged period of time is postulated to induce a temporary failure in pumping the venous and lymphatic systems in the calf region leading to acute gravity-dependent ...
"It occurs mostly on upper outer arms, anterior thighs, cheeks and rarely on lower legs,” says Leonard Bernstein, MD, board-certified dermatologist at the Laser & Skin Surgery Center in New York ...
Swelling of the skin Elephantiasis , often incorrectly called elephantitis , is the enlargement and hardening of limbs or body parts due to tissue swelling ( edema ). [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is characterised by edema, hypertrophy , and fibrosis of skin and subcutaneous tissues, due to obstruction of lymphatic vessels ( lymphedema ). [ 2 ]
They usually occur just under the skin, but occasionally may be deeper. [1] Most are less than 5 cm (2.0 in) in size. [2] Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. [4] It is possible to have several lipomas. [3] The cause is generally unclear. [1] Risk factors include family history, obesity, and lack of exercise.