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An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a surgical procedure that uses autologous blood, meaning the patient's own blood, in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, which occurred as a complication of a lumbar puncture or epidural placement. [1] [2] The punctured dura causes cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak). [1]
A spinal CSF leak can be caused by one or more meningeal diverticula or CSF-venous fistulas not associated with an epidural leak. [6] [7] [8] A spontaneous spinal cerebrospinal fluid leak may occur sometimes in those with predisposing heritable connective tissue disorders including Marfan syndrome and Ehlers–Danlos syndromes.
The most common causes are accidents with grease guns, paint sprayers, and pressure washers, but working on diesel and gasoline engine fuel injection systems as well as pinhole leaks in pressurized hydraulic lines can also cause this injury.
Cerebrospinal Fluid leaks can be managed short term with bed rest and plentiful hydration. They can then be treated with an epidural blood patch (EBP) with autologous blood, which is the standard initial procedure. If an EBP is ineffective, surgery is also an option for treatment.
A small amount of the person's blood is injected into the epidural space near the site of the original puncture; the resulting blood clot then "patches" the meningeal leak. EBP is effective, [17] and further intervention is rarely necessary. 25–35% of patients suffer from transient back pain after EBP. [18]
The recall consists of some Beetle and Passat vehicles from model years 2006-2019. "The driver's side frontal airbag inflator may explode due to propellant degradation occurring after long-term ...
The NCAA college football transfer portal will open on Dec. 9 and close on Dec. 28. Here is how it works.
The purpose of external ventricular drainage is to divert fluid from the ventricles of the brain and allow for monitoring of intracranial pressure. An EVD must be placed in a center with full neurosurgical capabilities, because immediate neurosurgical intervention can be needed if a complication of EVD placement, such as bleeding, is encountered.