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Cross-bridge theory states that actin and myosin form a protein complex (classically called actomyosin) by attachment of myosin head on the actin filament, thereby forming a sort of cross-bridge between the two filaments. The sliding filament theory is a widely accepted explanation of the mechanism that underlies muscle contraction.
Cross-bridge cycle. Cross-bridge cycling is a sequence of molecular events that underlies the sliding filament theory. A cross-bridge is a myosin projection, consisting of two myosin heads, that extends from the thick filaments. [1] Each myosin head has two binding sites: one for adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and another for actin.
In invertebrate smooth muscle, contraction is initiated with the binding of calcium directly to myosin and then rapidly cycling cross-bridges, generating force. Similar to the mechanism of vertebrate smooth muscle, there is a low calcium and low energy utilization catch phase.
Cyclo-cross (cyclocross, CX, cyclo-X or ' cross) is a form of bicycle racing.Races typically take place in the autumn and winter (the international or "World Cup" season is October–February), and consist of many laps of a short (2.5–3.5 km or 1.5–2 mile) course featuring pavement, wooded trails, grass, steep hills and obstacles requiring the rider to quickly dismount, carry the bike ...
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Sprinters have a higher ratio of fast-twitch muscle fibers than non-sprinters. Road cycling sprinters sometimes tend to have a larger build than the average road racing cyclist, [4] combining the strength of their legs with their upper body to produce a short burst of speed necessary in a closely contested finish. [5]
A bike lane with some form of buffer between motor traffic and the cycle lane. Buffered bike lane in Manhattan, New York: Lightly segregated: A bike lane with separating features such as wands or orcas. Light segregation on a cycle lane in Berlin: Contraflow: A bike lane which allows cyclists to go against the flow of a one-way street.
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