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The Maddox rod test can be used to subjectively detect and measure a latent, manifest, horizontal or vertical strabismus for near and distance. The test is based on the principle of diplopic projection. [1] Dissociation of the deviation is brought about by presenting a red line image to one eye and a white light to the other, while prisms are ...
Phase-contrast imaging is commonly used in atomic physics to describe a range of techniques for dispersively imaging ultracold atoms. Dispersion is the phenomena of the propagation of electromagnetic fields (light) in matter. In general, the refractive index of a material, which alters the phase velocity and refraction of the field, depends on ...
The Nomarski prism causes the two rays to come to a focal point outside the body of the prism, and so allows greater flexibility when setting up the microscope, as the prism can be actively focused. 3. The two rays are focused by the condenser for passage through the sample. These two rays are focused so they will pass through two adjacent ...
A fixation disparity is not constant within a certain observer, but can vary depending on the viewing conditions. If test prisms with increasing amount are placed in front of the observer’s eyes, the fixation disparity changes in the eso direction with base-in prisms and in the exo direction with base-out prisms (Fig. 3). These prisms force ...
The second wedge of the prism is modified by cutting the crystal so that the optical axis is oriented obliquely with respect to the flat surface of the prism. The Nomarski modification causes the light rays to come to a focal point outside the body of the prism, and allows greater flexibility so that when setting up the microscope the prism can ...
Light field microscopy (LFM) is a scanning-free 3-dimensional (3D) microscopic imaging method based on the theory of light field.This technique allows sub-second (~10 Hz) large volumetric imaging ([~0.1 to 1 mm] 3) with ~1 μm spatial resolution in the condition of weak scattering and semi-transparence, which has never been achieved by other methods.
For instance, for an f/8 lens (= and %) and for green light (= 0.5 μm wavelength) light, the focusing spot diameter will be d = 9.76 μm or 19.5. This is similar to the pixel size for the majority of commercially available 'full frame' (43mm sensor diagonal) cameras and so these will operate in regime 3 for f-numbers around 8 (few lenses are ...
Exophoria. Exophoria is a form of heterophoria in which there is a tendency of the eyes to deviate outward. [1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another. [2] The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that of exotropia.