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A map of the ancient world centered on Greece. Based on the above definition, the "cores" of the Greco-Roman world can be confidently stated to have been the coasts of the Mediterranean Sea, specifically the Italian Peninsula, Greece, Cyprus, the Iberian Peninsula, the Anatolian Peninsula (modern-day Turkey), Gaul (modern-day France), the Syrian region (modern-day Levantine countries, Central ...
Classical antiquity, also known as the classical era, classical period, classical age, or simply antiquity, [1] is the period of cultural European history between the 8th century BC and the 5th century AD [note 1] comprising the interwoven civilizations of ancient Greece and ancient Rome known together as the Greco-Roman world, centered on the Mediterranean Basin.
Acculturation had become specific to Greco-Roman relations, with Rome mainly adopting aspects of Greek culture, their achievements, and developing those aspects into Roman literature, art, and science. [8] Rome had become one of the first developing European cultures to shape their own culture after another. [8]
The Roman Empire began when Augustus became the first emperor of Rome in 31 BC and ended in the west when the last Roman emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed by Odoacer in AD 476. The Roman Empire, at its height (c. AD 100), was the most extensive political and social structure in Western civilization.
Vergil leading Dante on his journey in the Inferno, an image that dramatizes the continuity of the classical tradition [1] (Dante and Vergil in Hell by Delacroix, 1823). The Western classical tradition is the reception of classical Greco-Roman antiquity by later cultures, especially the post-classical West, [2] involving texts, imagery, objects, ideas, institutions, monuments, architecture ...
The effects of the Fall of the Western Roman Empire for the Romans who remained in the city or in Italy ranged from bad to devastating, classical Roman education was almost extinct, the upper classes were able to endure and retain their positions in the Ostrogothic kingdom that after all had adopted many of the Roman institutions. Even so, the ...
Roman literature and philosophy was also centred on the capital. Early Christian art and architecture largely developed in the Imperial capital, but the first centuries after the fall of the Western Empire were a relative low point. By 900 AD Rome had recovered much of its position as a leading centre, centred on the Papal court.
Byzantine literature refers to literature of the Byzantine Empire written in Atticizing, Medieval and early Modern Greek. Byzantine literature combined Greek and Christian civilization on the common foundation of the Roman political system. This type of literature was set in the intellectual and ethnographic atmosphere of the Near East.