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  2. Hopkins–Cole reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopkins–Cole_reaction

    The Hopkins-Cole reaction, also known as the glyoxylic acid reaction, is a chemical test used for detecting the presence of tryptophan in proteins. [1] A protein solution is mixed with Hopkins Cole reagent, which consists of glyoxylic acid. Concentrated sulfuric acid is slowly added to form two layers. A purple ring appears between the two ...

  3. Glyoxylic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylic_acid

    Glyoxylic acid is one of several ketone- and aldehyde-containing carboxylic acids that together are abundant in secondary organic aerosols. In the presence of water and sunlight, glyoxylic acid can undergo photochemical oxidation. Several different reaction pathways can ensue, leading to various other carboxylic acid and aldehyde products. [31]

  4. Glyoxylate cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_cycle

    This acetate, bound to the active thiol group of coenzyme A, enters the citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) where it is fully oxidized to carbon dioxide. This pathway thus allows cells to obtain energy from fat. To use acetate from fat for biosynthesis of carbohydrates, the glyoxylate cycle, whose initial reactions are identical to the TCA cycle, is ...

  5. Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyoxylate_and_dicarboxyl...

    Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism describes a variety of reactions involving glyoxylate or dicarboxylates.Glyoxylate is the conjugate base of glyoxylic acid, and within a buffered environment of known pH such as the cell cytoplasm these terms can be used almost interchangeably, as the gain or loss of a hydrogen ion is all that distinguishes them, and this can occur in the aqueous ...

  6. Adamkiewicz reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adamkiewicz_reaction

    The reaction relies on the interaction between glyoxylic acid and the indole ring of the amino acid tryptophan, a structural feature found in most proteins. When proteins are exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid and glyoxylic acid, the indole group undergoes a reaction that produces a highly colored compound.

  7. Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidylglycine_alpha-ami...

    In the process, one molecule of O 2 is consumed and the glycine residue is removed from the peptide and converted to glyoxylic acid. [5] The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of many signaling peptides and some fatty acid amides. [6] In humans, the enzyme is encoded by the PAM gene.

  8. Calcium signaling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calcium_signaling

    Calcium signaling is the use of calcium ions (Ca 2+) to communicate and drive intracellular processes often as a step in signal transduction. Ca 2+ is important for cellular signalling , for once it enters the cytosol of the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins .

  9. Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_membrane_Ca2+_ATPase

    Thus, it is necessary for cells to employ ion pumps to remove the Ca 2+. [3] The PMCA and the sodium calcium exchanger (NCX) are together the main regulators of intracellular Ca 2+ concentrations. [2] Since it transports Ca 2+ into the extracellular space, the PMCA is also an important regulator of the calcium concentration in the extracellular ...