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The personalized price-vector p i can be interpreted as the Lindahl tax on agent i. Note the difference from a competitive equilibrium in a market of private goods (Fisher market): In a Fisher market equilibrium, there is a single price-vector for all agents, but each agent has a different bundle
Islamic finance theorist Muhammad Taqi Usmani lists seventeen "Basic Rules of Leasing" (leasing referring to Islamic leasing which Usmani uses interchangeably with ijarah) in his work Islamic Finance: Principles and Practice — although "the principles of ijarah are so numerous that a separate volume is required for their full discussion". [5]
Business rules represent the primary means by which an organization can direct its business, defining the operative way to reach its objectives and perform its actions.. A rule-based approach to managing business and the information used by that business is a way of identifying and articulating the rules which define the structure and control the operation of an enterprise [1] it represents a ...
[2] [note 1] Most generally, it refers to a regulative principle of the economic exchange of the products of human work, namely that the relative exchange-values of those products in trade, usually expressed by money-prices, are proportional to the average amounts of human labor-time which are currently socially necessary to produce them within ...
Also called resource cost advantage. The ability of a party (whether an individual, firm, or country) to produce a greater quantity of a good, product, or service than competitors using the same amount of resources. absorption The total demand for all final marketed goods and services by all economic agents resident in an economy, regardless of the origin of the goods and services themselves ...
HTML Form format HTML 4.01 Specification since PDF 1.5; HTML 2.0 since 1.2 Forms Data Format (FDF) based on PDF, uses the same syntax and has essentially the same file structure, but is much simpler than PDF since the body of an FDF document consists of only one required object. Forms Data Format is defined in the PDF specification (since PDF 1.2).
Price-cap regulation is a form of incentive regulation capping the prices that firms in a natural monopoly position may charge their customers. Designed in the 1980s by UK Treasury economist Stephen Littlechild, it has been applied to all privatised British network utilities.
[Note 2] (See organizational chart of the structure of Islam below in "Principles" section.) [7] [8] Mu'amalat provides much of the basis for Islamic economics , and the instruments of Islamic financing , and deals not only with Islamic legality but also social and economic repercussions and the rationale of its prohibitions (according to ...