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According to the Montevideo Convention, a state must have a permanent population, a defined territory, a government, and the capacity to enter into relations with other states. [4] The following states are all members of the United Nations [5] and current or former members of the Union of South American Nations. [6]
Most of the present-day nations gained independence in the early 19th century, all of Latin America except for two Spanish colonies in North America gained independence between 1808 and 1826. [1] Today, South America consists of twelve sovereign states with common government system being some form of presidential republic.
The fluctuation in the price of commodities in international markets has led historically to major highs and lows, booms and busts, in the economies of South American states, often causing political instability. [25] This has led for calls to diversify production and increase trade within South America itself. [25]
The following parts of South America are or were territories of non-South American states and therefore do not participate: Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao are parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands near the Venezuelan coastline. French Guiana, which is an overseas department of France and is therefore part of the European Union.
France's territory in South America is French Guiana. The Netherlands' territories in South America are Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao. The United Kingdom's territories in South America are the Falklands Islands, and South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.
Pope Francis has dissolved a Catholic religious community with members across South America and the United States, following years of investigations into alleged sexual and psychological abuse by ...
This is a list of South American countries and dependencies by population in South America, total projected population from the United Nations [1] ...
Below is a list of countries and dependencies in South America by area. [1] Brazil is the largest country in South America while Suriname is the smallest.. Panama is not regarded as a transcontinental country but the country is sometimes included in South America due to being part of Colombia prior to its secession in 1903.