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Psychology. In psychology, the term early childhood is usually defined as the time period from birth until the age of five or six years, [ 1] therefore covering infancy, Pre-K, kindergarten and first grade. There are three simultaneous development stages: [ 2] It is distinct from early childhood education, and does not necessarily refer to the ...
Child discipline is the methods used to prevent future unwanted behaviour in children. The word discipline is defined as imparting knowledge and skill, in other words, to teach. [ 1] In its most general sense, discipline refers to systematic instruction given to a disciple. To discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of ...
Behavior analysis in child development takes a mechanistic, contextual, and pragmatic approach. [ 6][ 7] From its inception, the behavioral model has focused on prediction and control of the developmental process. [ 8][ 9] The model focuses on the analysis of a behavior and then synthesizes the action to support the original behavior. [ 10]
Developmentally appropriate practice ( DAP) is a perspective within early childhood education whereby a teacher or child caregiver nurtures a child's social/emotional, physical, and cognitive development. [ 1] It is also described as a philosophy in child education that is based on child development knowledge where professionals base their ...
e. Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, as articulated in the second half of the 20th century by Erik Erikson in collaboration with Joan Erikson, [ 1] is a comprehensive psychoanalytic theory that identifies a series of eight stages that a healthy developing individual should pass through from infancy to late adulthood .
The positive behavior support process involves identifying goals, then undertaking functional behavior assessment (FBA). FBAs clearly describe behaviors, identify the contexts (events, times, and situation) that predict when behavior will and will not occur, and consequences that maintain the behavior. The FBA includes a hypothesis about the ...
Private speech serves as "the social/cultural tool or symbol system of language, first used for interpersonal communication is used by the child overtly not for communication with others, but for intrapersonal communication and self-guidance." [ 14] Private speech slows down in late elementary school years and children stop talking aloud, and ...
Positive discipline ( PD) is a discipline model used by some schools and in parenting that focuses on the positive points of behavior. It is based on the idea that there are no bad children, just good and bad behaviors. Practitioners of positive discipline believe that good behavior can be taught and reinforced while weaning bad behaviors ...