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Capnography is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide ( CO. 2) in the respiratory gases. Its main development has been as a monitoring tool for use during anesthesia and intensive care. It is usually presented as a graph of CO. 2 (measured in kilopascals, "kPa" or millimeters of mercury, "mmHg") plotted ...
Fraction of inspired oxygen ( FIO2 ), correctly denoted with a capital I, [1] is the molar or volumetric fraction of oxygen in the inhaled gas. Medical patients experiencing difficulty breathing are provided with oxygen-enriched air, which means a higher-than-atmospheric FI O 2. Natural air includes 21% oxygen, which is equivalent to FI O 2 of ...
Blood–gas partition coefficient. Blood–gas partition coefficient, also known as Ostwald coefficient for blood–gas, [1] is a term used in pharmacology to describe the solubility of inhaled general anesthetics in blood. [2] According to Henry's law, the ratio of the concentration in blood to the concentration in gas that is in contact with ...
Inhalational anesthetic. Bottles of sevoflurane, isoflurane, enflurane, and desflurane, the common fluorinated ether anesthetics used in clinical practice. These agents are colour-coded for safety purposes. Note the special fitting for desflurane, which boils at room temperature. An inhalational anesthetic is a chemical compound possessing ...
The Pin Index Safety System ( PISS) is a means of connecting high pressure cylinders containing medical gases to a regulator or other utilization equipment. It uses geometric features on the valve and yoke to prevent mistaken use of the wrong gas. This system is widely used worldwide for anesthesia machines, portable oxygen administration sets ...
hospitals and outpatient surgery centres. An anaesthetic machine ( British English) or anesthesia machine ( American English) is a medical device used to generate and mix a fresh gas flow of medical gases and inhalational anaesthetic agents for the purpose of inducing and maintaining anaesthesia. [1]
In 1954, Joseph F. Artusio further divided the first stage in Guedel's classification into three planes. [9] 1st plane The patient does not experience amnesia or analgesia. 2nd plane The patient is completely amnesic but experiences only partial analgesia. 3rd plane The patient has complete analgesia and amnesia.
When a patient is recovering from N 2 O anaesthesia, large quantities of this gas cross from the blood into the alveoli (down its concentration gradient) and so for a short period of time, the O 2 and CO 2 in the alveoli are diluted by this gas.