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392 million (2015) [ 11] Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [ 6] Common symptoms include increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue and unexplained weight loss. [ 3]
History of diabetes. Frederick Banting (right) joined by Charles Best in office, 1924. The condition known today as diabetes (usually referring to diabetes mellitus) is thought to have been described in the Ebers Papyrus ( c. 1550 BC ). Ayurvedic physicians (5th/6th century BC) first noted the sweet taste of diabetic urine, and called the ...
According to the American Diabetes Association, the fasting blood glucose target range for diabetics, should be 3.9 - 7.2 mmol/L (70 - 130 mg/dL) and less than 10 mmol/L (180 mg/dL) two hours after meals (as measured by a blood glucose monitor). [ 6][ 7][ 9] Normal value ranges may vary slightly between laboratories.
4.2 million (2019) [ 9] Diabetes mellitus, often known simply as diabetes, is a group of common endocrine diseases characterized by sustained high blood sugar levels. [ 10][ 11] Diabetes is due to either the pancreas not producing enough insulin, or the cells of the body becoming unresponsive to the hormone's effects. [ 12]
Diabetes UK was founded in 1934 as The Diabetic Association, by the author H. G. Wells and Robert Daniel Lawrence. [2] Diabetes UK's first research grant was made in 1936. [3] The organisation has since had two name changes—in 1954 to The British Diabetic Association and again in June 2000 to Diabetes UK. [2] [4] [5]
In nondiabetic persons with normal glucose metabolism the glycated hemoglobin is usually 4–6% by the most common methods (normal ranges may vary by method). "Perfect glycemic control" would mean that glucose levels were always normal (70–130 mg/dL, or 3.9–7.2 mmol/L) and indistinguishable from a person without diabetes.
The glucose tolerance test was first described in 1923 by Jerome W. Conn. [4]The test was based on the previous work in 1913 by A. T. B. Jacobson in determining that carbohydrate ingestion results in blood glucose fluctuations, [5] and the premise (named the Staub-Traugott Phenomenon after its first observers H. Staub in 1921 and K. Traugott in 1922) that a normal patient fed glucose will ...
People with type 1 diabetes usually have a wider range of glucose levels, and glucose peaks above normal, often ranging from 40 to 500 mg/dL (2.2 to 28 mmol/L), and when a meter reading of 50 or 70 (2.8 or 3.9 mmol/L) is accompanied by their usual hypoglycemic symptoms, there is little uncertainty about the reading representing a "true positive ...