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Schematic diagram of an ion channel. 1 - channel domains (typically four per channel), 2 - outer vestibule, 3 - selectivity filter, 4 - diameter of selectivity filter, 5 - phosphorylation site, 6 - cell membrane. Ion channels are pore-forming membrane proteins that allow ions to pass through the channel pore.
Voltage-gated ion-channels are usually ion-specific, and channels specific to sodium (Na +), potassium (K +), calcium (Ca 2+), and chloride (Cl −) ions have been identified. [1] The opening and closing of the channels are triggered by changing ion concentration, and hence charge gradient, between the sides of the cell membrane. [2]
Gating (electrophysiology) An animated representation of the molecular structure of a simple ion channel. In electrophysiology, the term gating refers to the opening ( activation) or closing (by deactivation or inactivation) of ion channels. [ 1] This change in conformation is a response to changes in transmembrane voltage.
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Voltage-gated sodium channels ( VGSCs ), also known as voltage-dependent sodium channels ( VDSCs ), are a group of voltage-gated ion channels found in the membrane of excitable cells ( e.g., muscle, glial cells, neurons, etc.) with a permeability to the sodium ion Na +. They are the main channels involved in action potential of excitable cells.
Acid-sensing ion channel. Alpha-3 beta-2 nicotinic receptor. Alpha-3 beta-4 nicotinic receptor. Alpha-4 beta-2 nicotinic receptor. Alpha-7 nicotinic receptor. Anion-conducting channelrhodopsin. ASIC5.
Large conductance mechanosensitive ion channels (MscLs) ( TC# 1.A.22) are a family of pore-forming membrane proteins that are responsible for translating stresses at the cell membrane into an electrophysiological response. MscL has a relatively large conductance, 3 nS, making it permeable to ions, water, and small proteins when opened. [ 1]