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3.2 million (2019) [ 3] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD) is a type of progressive lung disease characterized by long-term respiratory symptoms and airflow limitation. [ 8] GOLD 2024 defined COPD as a heterogeneous lung condition characterized by chronic respiratory symptoms ( dyspnea or shortness of breath, cough, sputum production ...
Pulmonology. End stage pulmonary disease ( ESPD) [2] is the result of chronic progressive lung diseases like COPD, [3] idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, or systemic progressive diseases that affect the lungs such as cystic fibrosis or granulomatosis with polyangiitis. It is defined as when the lungs can no longer or barely remove enough carbon ...
Emphysema is any air-filled enlargement in the body's tissues. [ 5] Most commonly emphysema refers to the permanent enlargement of air spaces ( alveoli) in the lungs, [ 5][ 6] and is also known as pulmonary emphysema . Emphysema is a lower respiratory tract disease, [ 7] characterised by enlarged air-filled spaces in the lungs, that can vary in ...
Asthma-COPD overlap. Asthma-Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Overlap (ACO), also known as Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome (ACOS) is a chronic inflammatory, obstructive airway disease in which features of both asthma and COPD predominate. Asthma and COPD were once thought of as distinct entities, however in some, there are clinical ...
Obstructive lung disease is a category of respiratory disease characterized by airway obstruction. Many obstructive diseases of the lung result from narrowing (obstruction) of the smaller bronchi and larger bronchioles, often because of excessive contraction of the smooth muscle itself. It is generally characterized by inflamed and easily ...
Respiratory failure is classified as either Type 1 or Type 2, based on whether there is a high carbon dioxide level, and can be acute or chronic. In clinical trials, the definition of respiratory failure usually includes increased respiratory rate, abnormal blood gases (hypoxemia, hypercapnia, or both), and evidence of increased work of breathing.
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